I.Basic physical and chemical features
♦ Molecular structure features
- Rigid linear molecular chains consisting of aromatic rings and amide bonds are highly ordered by π-π conjugation, resulting in a molecular-level high-strength structure;
- The orientation of the molecular chain is >90% (measured by X-ray diffraction), which gives the material anisotropic characteristics.
♦ Mechanical properties
Para-aramids (e.g. Kevlar):
- Tensile strength 3.6 GPa (5 times higher than steel wire), modulus 130 GPa;
- Elongation at break 2.8%, combining impact and fatigue resistance features.
Mesoaramids (e.g. Nomex):
- Tensile strength 0.8-1.1GPa, modulus 70-90GPa, characterized by flexibility.
♦ Thermal properties
- High temperature resistance: decomposition temperature ≥500℃, short-term temperature resistance up to 560℃ (TGA test);
- Flame retardancy: limiting oxygen index (LOI) >28%, self-extinguishing off fire;
- Low coefficient of thermal expansion: longitudinal coefficient of thermal expansion -2×10-⁶/°C, dimensional stability at high temperatures.
II. Functionalized features
♦ Chemical Stability
- Resistant to acid and alkali corrosion (10% sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution at 60℃);
- Resistant to UV aging (strength retention >85% for 5 years of outdoor exposure).
♦ Electrical properties
- Volume resistivity 10¹⁴-10¹⁶Ω-cm, dielectric constant 2.8-3.2 (1MHz), suitable for high-frequency insulating materials15.
♦ Lightweight features
- Density 1.44g/cm³ (1/5 of steel, 1/2 of aluminum), specific strength up to 25cN/dtex18.
III. Comparison of differentiated category attributes
| Attribute Category | Para-aramid (1414) | Meta-aramid (1313) |
| Core Benefits | High strength/ Stretch resistance | High Temperature Resistance/ Flame Retardant |
| Typical Strengths | 3.6GPa | 0.9GPa |
| Temperature Resistance Limit | 400°C (long term) | 260°C (long term) |
| Application Scenarios | Ballistic protection equipment/ Spacecraft structures | Firefighting suits/ High-temperature filters |
IV. Environmental adaptability
♦ Wet state performance:
- Water absorption rate <4.5%, wet state strength retention rate >90%;
♦ Weather resistance:
- Salt spray test 1000 hours without strength loss, suitable for marine engineering.
V. Industry core parameters
♦ Global production capacity:
- 80,000 tons/year (2024 data), China accounts for 35%;
♦ Cost sensitivities:
- Raw materials account for 55-60% of production costs.
Last!!
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