Chemical essence
Aramid fiber, also known as aromatic polyamide fiber, is a high-performance synthetic fiber composed of aromatic rings directly connected by amide bonds (- NH-CO -). The rigid aromatic ring structure in its molecular chain forms a highly ordered arrangement through π – π conjugation, endowing the material with the following core characteristic:
- High strength: The tensile strength is 5-6 times that of steel wire (about 3.6GPa);
- Low density: The density is only 1.44g/cm ³, which is about 1/5 of steel;
- High temperature resistance: Does not decompose or melt at 560 ℃.
♦ Classification system
Based on the difference in the connection position between the amide group and the benzene ring, it can be mainly divided into two categories:
- Meta aramid (such as Nomex):
Made by polymerization of meta phenylenediamine and meta phenylenediacyl chloride, known for high temperature resistance and flame retardancy, suitable for firefighting suits and electrical insulation materials;
- Para aramid (such as Kevlar, Twaron):
It is synthesized from p-phenylenediamine and p-phenylbenzoyl chloride, with a focus on tensile properties, and is used in bulletproof vests and aerospace composite materials.
♦ Performance advantages
Compared to traditional materials, aramid fibers exhibit comprehensive performance:
- Modulus advantage:
The modulus reaches 130GPa, which is 2-3 times that of ultra glass fiber;
- Chemical stability:
Acid and alkali corrosion resistance, anti-aging life of more than 20 years;
- Functional compatibility:
Simultaneously possessing insulation properties (dielectric constant<3.0) and low thermal conductivity (<0.04W/m · K).
♦ Application positioning
As a strategic new material, its application covers:
- Extreme protection:
Bulletproof equipment (accounting for 40% of global production capacity);
- Cutting edge industry:
Spacecraft insulation layer, 5G base station high-frequency circuit substrate;
- Emerging fields:
Lithium battery separator reinforcement (puncture strength increased by 300%)
Last!!
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